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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
) N2 t/ w* A% V# c, |! n& f0 n 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。. \# @$ A$ D: W0 W: A7 T! f. }: C
! k$ n* P, a" C0 J The point to note here…# ^: D8 T; c6 v) J7 A& q
/ _) Z) J7 D9 {3 D, k3 k* r 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:. } [$ v- a2 s. b5 s4 O1 E
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There are three major reasons…9 _( l! m3 X f) ^0 K9 f2 Z
' l; z) b+ k5 Y$ H/ w- o 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:% x' U' A# V4 ~3 f
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The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。3 H5 D8 x/ {* ^: G
' a3 `; d/ {& Y' C2 ?+ C/ f 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:4 W0 d P1 N3 ]* {6 u; E6 ?
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。6 C0 m% d: R3 o- F1 {
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5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
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+ [4 j; j0 J& }: M0 u+ X) m Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。+ @' O# m; C6 o
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6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:" b9 l' ?+ E. V! i1 _" S3 d, j7 o
9 q" j: d- B7 Z3 m) W1 ?& Y; F Therefore/the result9 }0 ?: B3 U" L0 ^3 u% N9 P
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In conclusion/we can conclude
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( t2 X8 |9 y- R* o, w. I7 {, ~ One of the primary conclusions' B; H/ w; i$ W
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7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。% Q" K. I0 W5 P P
^0 s: Q& }" L' J8 z* H Y7 S- V+ c For example/instancelike$ }, H; r; h4 |. \
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Such as these include
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% N$ ?! e( N6 k$ j To illustrate among these are
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:; h3 f9 {3 l0 ]' u; `. n/ K
# x. `& O& I' t" w0 X* u7 G; K The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…' n# i0 e2 V$ h3 P* ?, a' i. w5 _. s
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
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The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。/ m# s; a( `0 n# m
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。/ K5 p5 X0 L K. W3 |# o0 Y, b" P
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