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TRANSMAX口译部分技巧小结之“影子练习”和“英语翻译技巧之分句法”
: t" k5 ~6 n* J. _/ W# L8 @影子练习(shadow-exercise),即跟读训练。这种方法就是用同一种语言几乎同步地跟读原语发言人的讲话,它可以训练听说同步技巧和注意力的分配。刚开始训练时可以和原语同步开始,待操练了一阵子后,可以迟于原语片刻至一句话的时间跟读。跟读时耳朵、嘴巴和大脑要一起派上用场,耳朵听、嘴巴说、脑子记。这是需要精神非常集中的一种练习,也是提高语速、提高理解速度、修改语音语调的最好方法。在高语速条件下,边跟读边完全理解语义是有相当难度的,但这种训练能为口译打下扎实的基础。各种新闻、谈话节目、研讨会、音乐体育节目、演讲等都是上好材料。
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/ ~& ~1 {( y% J+ G' p# F 另外还可增加一些“干扰性”练习,譬如一边听、一边写些不相关的内容,如数字、人名等,分散使用注意力,那样效果会更好。) ]! a$ h3 F; W$ X6 @" E) X' z s- H4 g
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A military band serenaded the President and Mrs. Bush moments after Air force One touched down Wednesday night at a military base outside Londeon. Mr. Bush headed for the home of the US Ambassador to Britain for some sleep before a long day of ceremony and substance. There will be a luncheon meeting with Queen Elizabeth and a bit of sightseeing in London, before Mr. Bush leaves the confines of the city to meet with Tony Blair. A spokesman for the prime Minister says their discussions will touch on two issues that have divided America and its European allies: Mr. Bush's rejection of the Kyoto agreement on global warming and his plan to develop a missile defense system. These are issues that are also expected to come to the fore later in the week when President Bush takes part in a summit of the world's leading industrialized nations, plus Russia. The item at the top of the official agenda for the meeting in Genoa, ltaly is the search for ways to help promote development in the world's poorest countries.
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8 [. [! K) S5 F2 |+ a" Z 这是一段速度较快的VOA原声录音。一般可以有三种训练方法:1. 单纯做跟读训练,看看能不能完全跟下来;2. 在做跟读训练的同时写数字,比如从100写起,99、98、97……这样倒退着写,培养多项任务同时处理的能力;3. 在完成跟读和干扰性训练之后,马上用原语概述所听到的原声录音的内容。口译者一开始可能觉得无法适应,但是久而久之,普遍感到受益匪浅。
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英语翻译技巧之“分句法”( d+ y) e* [+ I* o; L* I
7 i- F. |2 E; r J' Q" q在翻译过程中,有时英语长句中主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语化成句子,分开来叙述。这被称为“分句法”。为了使语意连贯,有时还需要适当增加词语。例如:
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7 T. S3 K4 S+ I7 s' D+ O0 l9 k例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can't read is incredible about one in four., \5 T1 M/ t+ d5 v; l
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上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子,但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译,就可能翻译成:
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没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。
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5 M( V! z) C3 l这样,就使得译文极为不通顺,不符合汉语的表达习惯。因此,我们应该把它译为:
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大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力,这简直令人难以置信。
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例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.
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- {6 e R5 P* v( W( Z# c分析: 在此长句中,有一个插入语“it is often said”,三个并列的谓语结构,还有一个定语从句,这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义,因此在翻译时,可以采用分句法,按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句,结果为:
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: J G% k5 V4 C6 ?4 d8 Z3 _人们常说,通过电视可以了解时事,掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。 V& \' P0 D* K: r! M
V0 q0 S+ c: c( i# i% a下面我们再举两个例子来体会一下“分句法”:* l& ~0 z' \. X5 P: L3 n4 Q6 b
1 Y3 v& W1 |2 g例3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.
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他们所要做的只是按一下开关。开关一开,就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧,以及其它各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论,以及最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。+ [ B/ B+ A6 z1 T9 W
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例4. Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.- r* e$ f# Y5 D! o$ E
+ t$ B$ f! S3 u L1 s" ^9 F0 E( K虽然已在某处开始形成的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的形态,但是行星的数目如此之多,因此有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。 |
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